Divergent Design
Designing spaces to embrace Neurodiversity
We often design spaces based on what we like or what feels right, but have we ever stopped to consider how our choices actually affect us and those around us?
A few months ago, I met a couple with a neurodivergent son who attends a school with no windows. The mother said several times that she wished the school had more natural light. I shared with her that, given her son's neurodiversity, he might actually feel more comfortable in a confined environment. The mother said, "Oh, I never thought of that." That conversation stuck because people still don’t fully understand what it means to be neurodiverse or how their needs may differ. What is considered normal or acceptable is often the very thing that feels overwhelming or alienating to the neurodiverse person.
What is neurodiversity?
Neurodiversity is the idea that people’s brains work in different ways. Some individuals may think, learn, or process information differently due to conditions such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia, bipolar disorder, or sensory processing differences. For neurodiverse individuals, the environment can significantly affect both their well-being and functioning. For example, open spaces, noise, clutter, or bold colors can be overwhelming because they may cause sensory overload. Approximately 15–20% of the global population is neurodiverse, but many neurotypical people also share traits with neurodivergent individuals.
Most articles on neurodivergent design focus on solutions, but neurodivergence is often referred to as a spectrum for a reason. No two people experience the same condition in exactly the same way or face the same challenges. Focusing on the challenges should be the starting point, rather than jumping directly to solutions, as these may or may not work for your situation. If you’re a parent of a child with ADHD, for example, it’s important to observe how they respond to their environment. Pay attention to what triggers intense emotions or feelings of overwhelm. By understanding their triggers, you can tailor the environment to better support their needs.
How senses shape our experience
Our five senses—sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste—are the primary ways we interact with our environment. For neurodiverse individuals, anything with a sensory impact can affect their comfort, focus, and overall well-being. Some environments can be triggering and distressing, while others can be soothing and calming. By considering sensory factors and tailoring spaces based on feedback, we can reduce overwhelm and promote a sense of calm and balance.